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Some industrial and commercial buildings can reach heights of over sixty stories. Obviously, while these buildings are being constructed, they require equally tall cranes to be able to transport the supplies to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other kinds that have their own vehicle connected. Tower cranes are the biggest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction such as skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like for example shopping center are being built, chances are a crane would be on site.
Types
The two key types of cranes can be differentiated by the way in which their jib or boom raises supplies. The jib is the metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it lifts things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could vary from thirty thousand pounds to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of individual [parts. The parts are added to be able increase the overall height of the equipment. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane driver works from inside of the tower.
Lift
In order to raise supplies, the crane uses a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor situated near the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when heavy supplies are lifted.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane which utilizes hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the pistons of the boom so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are essential in building major projects such as bridges, airports, buildings and roadways. A crane can complete in minutes jobs which would normally take hundreds of men and lots of hours to complete.
These impressive machines have played a vital part in constructing houses, cities, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely built utilizing basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most amazing construction projects ever.
The very first representation of a crane was showcased during King Ramses' reign in Egypt in 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting device that was used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to create an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards began to need stronger and bigger equipments. Hick & Rothwell developed the first cast iron cranes during the year 1834, in Bolton, England. This machine was capable of lifting as much as 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to build cast iron cranes. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was made in Neuburg.