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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or two hundred thirty feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first need to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machine portion of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these parts are attached to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial equipment that is usually used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. Next, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the empty or tare condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind must be taken into consideration. The term loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. In order to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo must be evenly distributed throughout the container.
Having an evenly distributed load it is helpful to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, so as to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very essential that the designers of handling machinery and containers take this into account in the engineering process. For instance, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container, so as to make certain that the machinery utilized is perfect for the cargo. Specific attention should be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.
